Oleh: Mirah Kusumaningrum
DENGAN penduduk lebih kurang 265 juta jiwa, perekonomian Indonesia memang boleh dibilang menuju ekonomi kerakyatan.
Lihatlah betapa menggeliat dan bergairahnya UMKM kita. Mereka memegang peranan penting dengan menyumbang 60,43 persen dari total PDB tanah air dan mereka juga merupakan jalan keluar masyarakat dari masalah tingginya angka pengangguran dengan menyerap 96 persen jumlah tenaga kerja.
Jika dilihat dari besarannya, UMKM kita jumlahnya ada sekitar 65 juta unit. Kontras bila kita bandingkan dengan Usaha Besar yang ada di NKRI yakni berjumlah sekitar 5500-an.
Para founding father negara kita telah merumuskan dengan sebaik2nya persoalan keadilan sosial khususnya dalam bidang ekonomi dengan menelurkan gagasan UUD 45 khususnya pada pasal 33 dimana disebutkan bahwa perekonomian disusun sebagai usaha bersama yang berazas kekeluargaan.
Negara sebagai penyusun usaha bersama dalam bidang perekonomian itu haruslah bersikap aktif melahirkan segala regulasi yang mendorong berbagai level Usaha, baik Usaha level bawah, menengah maupun atas untuk bersama sama dengan azas kekeluargaan menciptakan ekosistem ekonomi yang menyejahterakan tiap warga negaranya.
Azas kekeluargaan dalam perekonomian negara yang dimaksud disini adalah bahwa segala regulasi yang dibuat oleh pemerintah dipastikan tidak menjadi alat yang bisa digunakan oleh satu pihak untuk menindas pihak lainnya dalam rantai ekonomi makro.
Maka akan tercipta ekosistem pasar yang sehat sebagai suatu instrumen, dimana memang dibutuhkan campur tangan nagara untuk beberapa hal khususnya yang menyangkut pihak yang lemah atau terlemahkan.
Regulasi negara haruslah bersifat inklusif menjembatani berbagai golongan usaha baik yg lemah maupun yang kuat, tetapi juga secara tegas afirmatif mengambil peran keberpihakannya dengan usaha kecil dan menengah seperti UMKM ataupun koperasi.
Walaupun para konseptor ekonomi pendiri negara kita telah merujuk koperasi sebagai soko guru ekonomi bangsa akan tetapi pada kenyataannya nasib koperasi di tanah air masih jauh api dari panggang.
Seberapa banyak kita dengar kesuksesan sebuah koperasi di Indonesia ?
Ironisnya yang sering kita dengar malah sebaliknya, banyak koperasi yang miss management dan bermasalah baik dengan anggotanya sendiri maupun dengan pihak ketiga di luar mereka.
Sementara di banyak negara maju sistem koperasi ini malah bisa menjadi usaha konglomerasi besar.
Kita bisa sebut contohnya seperti koperasi petani susu Fonterra di New Zealand yang mendunia dengan aneka produk turunan susu seperti keju, yoghurt dan lain sebagainya.
Ada juga koperasi REWE asal Jerman yang didirikan pada tahun 1927 dan telah beroperasi di 20 negara di Eropa dan memiliki omset sekitar Rp. 800 trilyun.
Keberpihakan kepada ekonomi kerakyatan yang nyata bisa diwujudkan dalam regulasi seperti di sektor perbankan dimana bentuknya adalah kemudahan akses permodalan bagi usaha kecil dan menengah dengan bunga yang rendah dan meminimalisir kolateral yang diagunkan.
Keberpihakan pada usaha kecil pada aktualisasinya sebenarnya adalah juga keberpihakan pada usaha menengah dan usaha besar.
Mengapa demikian ?
Karena pada hakekatnya usaha kecil bisa jadi merupakan bagian dari rantai pasokan yang dibutuhkan oleh usaha menengah dan besar dalam memenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku usaha mereka.
Disinilah kita bisa melihat bahwa tidaklah mungkin suatu usaha besar hidup sendirian.
Asas gotong royong sangatlah diperlukan guna mendukung ekonomi kerakyatan.
Terkait dengan pengembangan ekonomi kerakyatan Ketua DPRRI Puan Maharani menyampaikan permasalahan perlunya saling empati dan menjunjung tinggi asas gotong royong dalam pemulihan ekonomi bangsa setelah Pandemi, seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Puan Maharani saat bertemu Presiden Joko Widodo awal April lalu.
Ia akan selalu hidup dalam ekosistem rantai pasok.
Ikut serta dalam membangun dan membesarkan usaha kecil itu artinya praktis juga membesarkan usaha besar.
Tantangan berikutnya yakni globalisasi ekonomi dimana semua negara di dunia ini bisa menjadi pesaing atupun partner ekonomi bagi negara lainnya.
Disini juga dibutuhkan peranan pemerintah yang aktif untuk terus menerus membina usaha kecil agar bisa berkompetisi secara sehat di ajang dunia.
Peranan pemerintah tersebut bisa berupa regulasi maupun pendampingan untuk meningkatkan wawasan usaha kecil tentang kualitas produk, manajemen, pasar, era digital dan permodalan.***
**) Mirah Kusumaningrum, Pengamat Ekonomi Kerakyatan Tinggal di Jawa Timur
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